gaia permaculture

In Activists to Grassroots, Tony discusses how activists need to start working with grassroots and create a new hybrid radical activist-grassroots persona.

Tony Andersen, co-founder of the Danish civil-society climate justice conference, Klimaforum, gave two talks at Klimaforum09: Activist to Grassroots, and 10 000 Trees: A Practical Strategy for Climate Change.

http://www.vimeo.com/14431560

Tony Andersen, Klimaforum co-founder, gives a presentation and workshop at Klimaforum09 in Copenhagen, December 2009 during the COP15 climate circus.

  • THE 1 TON CO2 10.000 TREES PROJECT – overview of the problem and the solution
  • Permaculture – the idea, practice and global and local success
  • Climate Change – the massive catastrophic problem
  • Carbon sink – a new category for locking, permanently ecology as carbon sinks in forest and soil
  • More than 10,000 TREES per. person per. lifetime – a requirement for local-global perennial polycultural replanting
  • Less than 1 TON CO2 pr. person pr. year – global energy descent and emissions reductions targets
  • The U.N. Climate Conference 2009 / COP 15- the failure of the official process, danger of carbon finance
  • Parallel activist and grassroots Conference – Klimaforum as user-centered permaculture design
  • The Permaculture network – massively expanding a global, democratic, locally-controlled permaculture network

http://permaculture.tv/save-the-planet-with-permaculture-tony-andersen-of-klimaforum09/
http://gaiapermaculture.com/projects/permaculturecooperative/blog/2009/11/20/klimaforum09-mandate-spectrum-of-coverage/
http://permaculture.tv/10-000-trees-climate-justice/
http://permaculture.tv/?s=tony+andersen
http://permaculture.tv/?s=klimaforum
http://permaculture.tv/permaculture-international-pioneers-klimaforum09/

Taking responsibility for carbon emissions with Carbon Farming.

Darren Doherty, permacutlure designer and teacher from Australia, takes a few minutes to explain “carbon farming” and methods for sequestering carbon in soil while improving topsoil and conditions for healthy plant growth.

Darren working the angles

Darren working the angles

Permaculture designer and teacher Darren Doherty discusses ways in which permaculture design presents potential solutions to transitioning broad acre agriculture to more regenerative and sustainable forms of production. While much of the permaculture practiced in the states is expressed in smaller scale operations, there is great potential and need to identify strategies for transitioning larger-scale farm operations.

Source: Uprooted Movie

Source: Uprooted Movie

SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT ****************** Keyline & Carbon Farming Workshop – April 12-14th

Darren J. Doherty

Taranaki Farm is excited to announce its role in the upcoming Keyline & Carbon Farming – 3 Day Workshop being organised by Fusion Farms. Taranaki Farm will play host to world-respected keyline & permaculture designer Darren Doherty as he stages his very popular Keyline course in Central Victoria, Australia, only 65km from Melbourne.

The workshop will be conducted on Taranaki Farm (for the first time). A fully featured demonstration site for keyline design principles, designed by Darren himself. Don’t miss this special chance to learn about keyline and carbon farming inside a complete keyline system that includes earthworks for water harvesting, lock-pipe gravity irrigation, multi-species agroforestry, keyline ploughing, rotational grazing and more…

Compost Tea Injection

Taranaki Farm is also the home of the innovative Compost Tea & Keyline Injection rig recently developed by Ben Falloon and featured on this site. See this setup in person and understand the great potential of this combination for healing degraded land.

An intensive blend of technical & practical sessions targeted at farmers, professional land managers, consultants, permaculture designers, earthmovers, tree-changers, landcare enthusiasts and anyone with a strong interest in sustainable land management, soil creation and finding the keys to reversing climate change.

  • Whole farm design
  • Amplified contour cultivation
  • Water storage in farm dams
  • Better layout of farm roads
  • Quick gravity irrigation
  • Contour strip forests
  • Subdivision design
  • Healing Erosion
  • Solving salinity
  • Holistic Management
  • Pasture improvement
  • and heaps more…
  • Grants for Farmers

    If you are a farmer, indigenous land manager, primary producer or in the immediate family of any of these, you can do this course for free through the FarmReady subsidy scheme. You can read how on the Fusion Farms website.

    For full workshop details and to book your place, visit
    http://www.fusionfarms.com

    Unforgettable account of the actuality of parts of daily life for the Palestinians with the Israeli occupation and apartheid. Ethan, a grandson of a Holocaust survivor, describes in detail from his own experience and facts about what is going on in Israel/Palestine.

    October 8, 2009 — I have finally made my YouTube debut! As part of Just Peace Mideast’s series of films called “Americans Speak Out About the Middle East,” I speak for 14 minutes about the raw and ugly reality of the Israeli government’s repressive, murderous policies against Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. It’s impossible to capture the whole nightmare of what millions of Palestinians have been experiencing on a daily basis for decades in just 14 minutes, but this film does a very solid job of breaking down the Israeli-Palestinian conflict into clear and simple terms for the education of ordinary Americans. As the producer describes, “Unforgettable account of the actuality of parts of daily life for the Palestinians with the Israeli occupation and apartheid. Ethan, the grandson of a Holocaust survivor, describes in detail from his own experience and facts about what is going on in Israel/Palestine

    Source: Jews for Food Justice

    Camera and Editing by Deep Subject Video, Produced in cooperation with www.JustPeaceMidEast.org and www.StopBuyingWar.org
    copyright 2009 Oshim and Oshim Film Productions

    On a foundation of Christian principles, Salatin has built a farming ecosystem where cows, pigs, chickens, turkeys, and rabbits interact ecologically in a way that goes beyond conservation.

    “What we’re looking at is God’s design, nature’s template, and using that as a pattern to cut around and lay it down on a domestic model to duplicate that pattern that we see in nature,” Salatin says.

    What that means for Polyface in practical terms is that the cattle graze different areas of pasture every day. Then chickens pick through the same fields, eating bugs and spreading cow manure before clucking back to mobile coops.

    The farm’s pigs generate fertilizer by rooting around the floor of the barn, lured by sweet corn into aerating the mix of hay, cow manure, and wood chips. The finished compost is spread on fields. This process not only takes almost nothing out of the environment, it puts nutrients back in.

    “We believe that the farm should be building ‘forgiveness’ into the ecosystem,” Salatin says. “What does that mean? That a more forgiving ecosystem is one that can better handle drought, flood, disease, pestilence.”

    Salatin concedes that when his father bought the farm in 1962, the family’s initial emphasis on sustainable farming had more to do with environmental concerns than faith convictions. But as the business evolved, Salatin began to see himself situated at a unique place in America’s moral conversation.

    “We should at least be asking, Is there a righteous way to farm and an unrighteous way to farm? … The first goal is to at least get people to appreciate that how we farm is a moral question,” he says. “Once you get to that point, then you can actually discuss: What is a moral farm? What is a moral way to raise a chicken?”

    How farm animals are treated on the majority of farms today dismays Salatin.

    What Americans do to pigs, chickens, and cows speaks ill of the nation’s moral health, he says. “A culture that views its life from such a manipulative, disrespectful stance will soon view its citizens the same way and other cultures the same way. It’s how we respect the least of these that creates a moral-ethical framework.”

    Don’t be confused: Salatin is no crunchy-granola transplant to Appalachia. He graduated from archconservative Bob Jones University in Greenville, S.C., with a degree in English. While he appreciates the “bearded, beaded, braless, Woodstock revolution” set who make up the bulwark of environmentally conscious farming, he’s delighted that half of those coming to visit his farm nowadays are involved in the home-school movement

    Source: Christian Science Monitor

    Video Source: FRESH

    Polyface Farms

    Polyface, Inc. is a family owned, multi-generational, pasture-based, beyond organic, local-market farm and informational outreach in Virginia’s Shenandoah Valley.

    We produce:

    • Salad Bar Beef
    • Pigaerator Pork
    • Pastured Poultry (Eggs, Broilers, Turkeys)
    • Forage-Based Rabbits
    • Forestry Products

    We are in the redemption business: healing the land, healing the food, healing the economy, and healing the culture. Writing, speaking, and farm tours offer various message venues.

    Experience the satisfaction of knowing your food and your farmer, building community. We are your clean meat connection.

    Source: Polyface Farms

    Tony Andersen talks about Klimaforum09 and the 10000 Trees

    Tony Anderson of Klimaforum09 and the International Permaculture Council is interviewed by Nicholas Roberts of Permaculture TV about the 10 000 Trees per lifetime / 1 Tonne C02 per year plan for Planetary Permaculture

    At Climate Camp UK, in London, we kept getting asked “where we going to Copenhagen (for COP15 and to get involved in the network of Climate Justice Action ?”. The answer eventually was “we would like to, if we could afford it and had something serious to do!”. We developed a couple of ideas, one was a Climate Social Forum, in the World Social Forum principles and process.

    After a little enquiry was informed there is government funded civil-society forum: Klimaforum09, which sounds rather like the European Social Forum, Malmo 2008 in its left-establishment (vertical-left) support. On the surface its structured like a World Social Forum, but under-the-hood, its a government funded conference for NGO’s, an extension of Nordic soft-power public-diplomacy.

    However the Kilmaforum2009’s 9 themes and the attending organisations are right-on and would love to work-out how to go and work on Gaia Permaculture and the Permaculture Worker Cooperative Movementprojects. The Klimaforum2009 creator is a Danish permaculturalist: Tony Anderson. So, its an amazing opportunity, will try to reconnect with Malmo solidarity accommodation types and contact  the Nordic permaculture contingent, and the Klimaforum online forum.

    One very promising discovery, which could be a lead-in to Gaia Permaculture is the plan developed by Tony Anderson and the Scandanavian Permaculture network for the Øresund Bioregion and the global plan for10 000 trees.

    Source: GaiaPermaculture.com

    Invite to Klimaforum09

    Tony Andersen, organiser of Klimaforum, member of the International Permaculture Council and co-author of the 10000 Trees planetary permaculture plan invites you to Klimaforum09 – Copenhagen 7-18 December 2009

    Tony Andersen is

    Introduction to Klimaforum09

    “we dont just work for climate change, we work for systems change”

    • welcome to Permaculture TV
    • Copenhagen architect practicing democratic, cooperative and participatory design, i.e. empowering users of his house, building and social designs, lead him to permaculture design in the 1980s
    • many realised in Brazil at IPC8 (International Permaculture Convergance 8 ) [DVDs] from experience doing global permaculture, realised a global disaster was happening and would get worse
    • drew from the global permaculture experience and started to develop a practical response Strategy of 10000 Trees: A Practical Response to Climate Change
    • call for grassroots, environmentalists and activists
    • COP15 to straighten-out the climate change problems
    • Klimaforum09 publicly, officially funded, so invitees could be funded & proper facilities provided, result of 2 years negotiation with Danish government
    • Klimaforum09 supported by 20 Danish grassroots environmental groups, 60 international organisations, 5000 attendees, 200+  workshops for 2 weeks
    • running parrallel with UN conference
    • 80 grassroots projects, working on declaration, pre-conference, editor group, international editing group (12 people), edit & present pre-conference declaration
    • 2 days debated in Klimaforum, presented in paper to UN conference
    • UN process is “sh%^y”, the outputs “will never work”
    • after 18th Dec, make a pre-conference declaration; basic points, directions and trends for future work i.e. 10000 Trees
    • avoid the Rio problem, everyone assumed things would work-out, but instead they got worse, and so will maintain a Klimaforum network, to keep-up pressure
    • develop strategies for changing attitudes, concludes “we dont just work for climate change, we work for systems change”

    10 000 Trees “best means to take c02 (GHG) from the atomosphere is not technical means, it is trees”

    “best means to take c02 (GHG) from the atomosphere is not technical means, it is trees”

    Tony Andersen of the International Permaculture Council and organiser of Klimaforum09 talks about the global permaculture strategy of 10000 Trees

    LESS THAN

    1 TON CO2 PER PERSON PER YEAR

    MORE THAN

    10,000 TREES PER PERSON PER LIFETIME

    • One of the grassroots movements, most experienced managing trees, via perennial polyculture, family farms, local people
    • international permaculture network strategy
    • related to IPCC calculations, to make a huge impact
    • also cut down C02 to less than 1 tonne per person per year
    • Danish have proved you can change lifestyles without complete disaster impact on lifestyle
    • if we can plant 5000-6000 in the next 25 years, we will be close to balance
    • oceans, boreal forests are no longer functioning as carbon sinks
    • “best means to take c02 (GHG) from the atomosphere is not technical means, it is trees”

    10,000 Trees: A Practical Planetary Permaculture Strategy for Climate Change

    The characteristics of Permaculture are its ability create projects that provide plenty of food
    for the people involved,at the same time that it regenerates the basic natural resources:
    soil, water, wind, energy all through – planting systems.

    THE 1 TON CO2 10.000 TREES PROJECT……………………………………………………………………………4
    Permaculture…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4
    Climate Change…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
    Carbon sink…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6
    More than 10,000 TREES pr. person pr. lifetime………………………………………………………………………6
    Less than 1 TON CO2 pr. person pr. year………………………………………………………………………………..7
    The U.N. Climate Conference 2009 / COP 15………………………………………………………………………….8
    Parallel activist and grassroots Conference………………………………………………………………………………9
    The Permaculture network…………………………………………………………………………………………………..10

    Source: 10 000 Trees: A Practical Response to Climate Change

    Soil Carbon

    Tony Andersen of the International Permaculture Council and organiser of Klimaforum09 talks about the global permaculture strategy of 10 000 Trees more on http://www.Klimaforum09.org

    Funded by a global carbon tax of 100 Euro per tonne of C02, most of the carbon will be sequestered in the soil around the perennial polyculture, agroecology of the 10 000 Trees planetary permaculture program.

    Tony Andersen, Klimaforum09 organiser and member of International Permaculture Council explains the relationship between 10 000 Trees and Soil Carbon.

    • 10 000 Trees per person
    • 1 tonne of C02 per person per year
    • 100 Euro per tonne global Carbon tax

    Global Carbon Stocks (Gt C)

    Area

    ( 109 ha)

    Vegetation Soil Total
    Biome

    Tropical forest 1,76 212 216 428
    Temperate forest 1,04 59 100 159
    Boreal forest 1,37 88 471 559
    Tropical grassland 2,25 66 264 330
    Temperate grassland 1,25 9 295 304
    Deserts/semideserts 4,55 8 191 199
    Tundra 0,95 6 121 127
    Wetlands 0,35 15 225 240
    Croplands 1,60 3 128 131

    Total 15,12 466 2011 2477

    Data & Models of 10 000 Trees

    Tony explains the sources of data for the 10 000 Trees program. Many mainstream sources of scientific information, IPCC, Stern etc. Also latest information from academics in Greenland and other Nordic Regions where climate change is a reality NOW.

    • 10000 Trees idea comes from IPC4 in Nepal, after IPC8 Brazil decided to develop
    • collecting data IPCC, James Hansen, ocean-data from Danish Greenland gulf stream from ’96, ship circumnavigating globe measuring ocean currents
    • Greenland, Nuuk, university, collected Arctic data, dying boreal forest, melting permafrost
    • followed-up Independent & Guardian newspaper daily monitoring
    • Stern Report

    More on www.InPermCou.org

    International Permaculture Networks

    Planetary permaculture networks for 10 000 Trees

    • Parallel activist and grassroots Conference: conversation between activists and grassroots “need to work together to implement 10000 Trees”
    • existing 200-300 Permaculture Institutes teaching 2-3 Permaculture Designer Courses per year
    • in 50 years there will need to be 100 000 such institutes
    • need to start now, the situation is getting worse all the time

    Transition Networks & Bioregions

    Transition Towns Totnes (Transition Network) and Bioregions

    • Transition Towns Totnes visit
    • Tony lives in slum in Copenhagen and have a rural food system
    • they won a Prize in 1996, to develop a bioregional plan for Copenhagen and southern Sweden
    • 5 metre sea-level rise is in-built, breakdown of glaciers, poles
    • huge resettlement, 1.5 million people
    • new traffic systems with no GHG
    • basic local food system
    • same aspects in this plan as in Transition Towns
    • Transition Towns and Bioregional groups are coming to Klimaforum09
    • have to make concrete plans within the
    • 36 000 peopple Vesterbul area, translated to English, shows you can get below 1 tonne, from 11/12 tonne )6-7 in urban areas) to less to 1
    • Scandanavian Permaculture network for the Øresund Bioregion and the global plan for 10 000 trees.
    • more information at International Permaculture Council website www.InPermCou.org

    Planet Permaculture vs. Gaia Permaculture

    Tony explains how the ethics, principles, strategies, techniques and patterns of permaculture can be applied on a local level and scale-up to a planet level permaculture.

    He also politely avoids my neologism Gaia Permaculture. lol

    • Gaia Permaculture, or Gaia specifically is not used, its too vague
    • permaculture interconnects, relates the small project to the global scheme
    Tony Andersen - founder of Climateforum09.org

    Tony Andersen - founder of Climateforum09.org

    This is the first part of a long interview we made with Tony Andersen, founder and organiser of Klimaforum09 . Nicholas Roberts of Permaculture TV asks Tony the simple question “What is Klimaforum09 (Climateforum09)?

    Organiser: “We just had to do something ourselves”

    The inspiration for Klimaforum09 originated in Brazil. It has taken two years to develop the idea to its current stage: The establishment of an alternative climate summit.

    It is because of the collaborative efforts of many individuals that, parallel to the climate summit in December, Copenhagen will be providing a platform for its residents and the many non-accredited foreign grassroots activists and NGOs visiting the city.

    However, Tony Andersen, the former architect and long-time member of the international permaculture network, has played a vital role in the process. He helped come up with the idea and send out the first invitations. He was also responsible for the initial, probing contact with the Danish authorities, the hosts of the fifteenth climate summit.

    • The idea came from an international permaculture conference held in Brazil in 2007. We heard reports from Alaska, Australia, Africa, and Greenland that the ecological collapse had already begun. At the same time, we learned that Copenhagen would be hosting COP15, the climate summit at which a replacement would be negotiated for the Kyoto Agreement, which expires in 2012.
    • As the Danish representative, I offered to find out whether it would be possible to stage an alternative climate summit. To be blunt, folks doubted that the politicians would make the necessary decisions. The feeling was that we just had to do something ourselves

    Source: Organiser: “We just had to do something ourselves”, Climateforum09.org

    We where very generously given a tour and lunch around Mondragon Cooperative.

    More information: Permaculture Cooperative, GaiaPermaculture.com

    Source: Mondragon Cooperative, permaculturecoop, Picasa Web Albums

    Earlier this year, we where able to visit Mondragon or Arrasate in Basque and spend time at the Mondragon Cooperative researching a Permaculture worker cooperative.

    This slideshow are photos of the town of Arrasate. It’s a wonderful combination of Basque village, modern city and industrial park.

    I cannot recommend Arrasate highly enough

    More information: Permaculture Cooperative, GaiaPermaculture.com

    Source: permaculturecoop, Picasa Web Albums

    Watch the COP15 Behind the Scenes video about Klimaforum09, the people’s global climate summit, which will be held during the UN Climate Change Conference 2009 (COP15) in December, 2009 in Copenhagen.

    Programme

    The Klimaforum09 programme offers you 150 climate workshops, 40 exhibitions, 30 climate films and documentaries, global music, theater, invited guest speakers and much more.

    A preliminary programme is now available and can be downloaded as a pdf-file here. Please note that changes will be made to programme. More debates, guest speakers, exhibitions and events will be added in the following week.

    PDF - 150.6 kb
    Klimaforum09_Programme_Draft_2810
    PDF file made for on-screen view!

    PDF - 194.4 kb

    A final programme will be made public around mid November.

    About Klimaforum09

    While the UN conference will be a platform for political decision making, Klimaforum09 gathers citizens from all corners of the world to create a socially just and sustainable future.

    The idea behind Klimaforum09 is to create an open space, where people, movements and organizations can develop constructive solutions to the climate crisis.

    Klimaforum09 is based on the belief that meeting the climate challenge requires more than just new technologies fixes and ‘business as usual’ practices. New ways of thinking, new cultural values, and new ways of organizing society are called for.

    Thousands of participants from all continents are expected to take part in Klimaforum09. Special efforts are being made to invite people from regions in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Oceania who will suffer most from climate change.

    The klimaforum09 programme offers a wide variety of workshops, debates, exhibitions, and cultural events focusing on climate change from a global perspective.

    Klimaforum09 opens 7 December and ends 18 December. The summit takes place in large, modern facilities at DGI-byen close to the Central Station.

    Klimaforum09 is organized by a broad coalition of Danish and international environmental movements and civil society organizations.

    Klimaforum09 is free and open to all.

    Source: Klimaforum09

    2007-08-21global-warming

    Climate War: just as the Cold War subsumed and defined the peace after World War 2, the Climate War subsumes and defines the period after the Cold War. The Cold War ideology on the US side was anti-communism. The Climate War ideology (shared by most central governments) is anti-environmentalism, with communists being replaced with terrorists and increasingly eco-terrorists. Green is the new red, the FBI’s most wanted is an eco-terrorist. Insurgencies have always been embedded in a place, and so, in reality, all terrorists are fighting for rights to control an environment. The Climate War is the Cold War within the context of climate change, peak oil, peak debt, indeed peak everything. The US framework for managing the world, within the context of Climate War, is Sustainment.

    Sustainment: sustainment is an extension of the military term describing the supply and operations of maintenance to military operations. Sustainment is military-industrial supplied sustainability. In the latest US Counter-Insurgency military doctrine, Sustainment leads all counter-insurgency operations. Within the Human Terrain System, hearts and minds are won by the the supply of infrastructure and utilities. Sustainment leads operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, the “civilian surge” is sustainment. With the increasing instability of the climate system, the global economic and geo-political system, sustainment will be supplied with the strongest aspect of US national power; the military industrial complex. Within the neo-liberal environment, the military-industrial compex is increasingly privatised and fragmented. As Noam Klein describes in Shock Doctrine, disaster capitalism profits greatly from crisis, real or imagined, and as the Climate War becomes the dominant organising principle for the planet, through real and imagined crisis, sustainment supplied by corporate-state military industrial system. This military industrial system will seek to profit and expand from both the crisis of conflict, of destruction of war and the maintenance of peace, and the rebuilding of damaged systems.

    Source: Climate War, GaiaPermaculture.com

    Rajendra K. Pachauri’s panic-inducing assertion: We have a window of seven years to stabilize CO2 at today’s levels if we are to limit our global mean temperature increase to around 2.40C. A world this hot would be a very unpleasant place to be. Pachauri lays out unequivocal” evidence of climate change, and describes how extreme precipitation events, heat waves and other natural catastrophes will become more frequent, endangering vast swaths of humanity. We stand to lose 20-30% of species if warming exceeds 1.5 to 2.5 0C. Pachauri also notes this “scary prospect”: the rapid loss of ice sheets on polar land, leading to sea level rises of several meters, and the flight of large populations in response.

    Source: MITWorld

    Climate change could be the next great military threat

    Article Highlights

    • Although the United States has faced many threats over the last few decades, climate change may be the most ominous.
    • Specifically, it will contribute to resource scarcity, state failure, increasingly mobile populations, and regional instability.
    • The U.S. military may not be the best body to tackle climate change, but it still should be quick to reassess its global engagement strategy and be proactive in minimizing the effects of climate change on U.S. and international security.

    The United States currently faces one of its greatest and most misunderstood threats: climate change. And as changing climate patterns affect the water supplies critical to human life and agriculture, as sea levels rise and threaten coastal communities, and as changes in the environment increasingly weaken marginal states, the implications for U.S. defense will only grow.

    Specifically, instability and conflict abroad will affect three important dimensions of U.S. national security: how the United States chooses to use its power, how and where the U.S. military operates around the world, and with whom Washington will and will not ally itself.

    How power is applied. As societies struggle to adapt to changing climate conditions, the U.S. military will be called on more frequently to provide assistance, support governments, fight extremism in weak states, and anticipate natural and human-made disasters. In short, Washington will have to consider carefully why U.S. defense forces fight.

    Take Central and South Asia, for example. The region’s main water source–the Himalayan glaciers–continues to recede due to climate change. The trend will no doubt lead to a dramatic reduction in freshwater availability, particularly in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and parts of China. In fact, a 2007 U.S. Marine Corps report ranks Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India in the top 10 states at risk of instability and violent conflict over water.

    A fight for resources among these states–which are already mired in violence and mutual suspicion–would be disastrous for U.S. security interests in the region, particularly since declining conditions among poor segments of the population would be a boon for terrorist and extremist groups’ recruitment. Climate-intensified conflict between mobile populations seeking fresh water amid wanton state instability may prompt future policy makers to deploy U.S. forces not only to combat extremism in the region, but also to provide aid to the hungry and displaced.

    How and where the military operates. Climate change also will force a reevaluation of how the United States operates its forces around the world. Facilities, logistics, and strategic planning will need to be reassessed. The British Indian Ocean Territory of Diego Garcia, for example, is home to a critical staging facility for U.S. and British naval and air forces operating in the Middle East and Central Asia. But this atoll sits just a few feet above sea level. If sea levels rise as projected, PDF the facility could be lost, forcing the U.S. and British militaries to adapt and adjust their logistics and operations throughout the region.

    Who will U.S. allies be? Changing climate conditions also will test traditional alliances and may even inspire unexpected new ones as states grapple with altered topographies, climate refugees, and changes in commercial and economic circumstances.

    For instance, the U.S. Navy has been concerned about the loss of sea ice in the Arctic for nearly a decade. Specifically, it worries that as the fabled Northwest Passage opens, military and commercial activities there will increase. One need not look further than the 2007 Russian expedition that planted its flag on the seabed at the North Pole. Not surprisingly, Canada, Norway, Denmark, and the United States–all bordering the Arctic–reacted critically to Russia’s perceived act of encroachment.

    In addition, the effects of climate change could strain U.S. relations with Mexico. As Latin American water and arable land resources decline, poverty and internal unrest are likely to spread in the region, leading to increased human migration northward–both legal and illegal. Mexico’s perceived inability to staunch the flow north would likely raise tensions with Washington, hampering U.S. collaboration in the fight against Mexico-based drug cartels.

    Given all of this, the decision, therefore, isn’t whether U.S. planners and strategists should adapt and prepare, but how they should adapt and prepare. Looking ahead, China ispredicting the loss of 5-10 percent of its wheat harvest by 2030 due to climate change. In southern Sudan and the Darfur region, existing conflicts will be severely exacerbated by increasingly scarce water, food, and arable land. Responding to these and myriad other climate-influenced changes presents great challenges for the United States and the international community–far beyond the specific capabilities of the U.S. military.

    Thus, here’s how Washington should begin preparing for the consequences associated with climate change:

    • Invest in capabilities within the U.S. government (including the Defense Department) to manage the humanitarian crises–such as a new flow of “climate refugees”–that may accompany climate change and subsequently overwhelm local governments and threaten critical U.S. interests;
    • Prepare military officers and troops to address the security and humanitarian needs of resource-stressed populations and climate refugees;
    • Expand global public health programs (e.g., malarial eradication);
    • Negotiate an agreement with Canada and Mexico to govern the use of fresh water in North America;
    • Lead the world in developing conflict-resolution mechanisms to mediate between climate change’s winners and losers.

    If it doesn’t take these steps, the United States will be ill-equipped to face climate-induced threats when they’re most acute, forcing future generations to deal with a world full of conflict, disease, hunger, displacement, and extremism.

    Source: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

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